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Aditus To Mastoid Antrum Information

The aditus to mastoid antrum (entrance or aperture to the mastoid antrum), also known as the otomastoid foramen, is a large irregular aperture, which leads backward from the epitympanic recess into a considerable air space, named the tympanic or mastoid antrum.

The antrum communicates behind and below with the mastoid air cells, which vary considerably in number, size, and form; the antrum and mastoid air cells are lined by mucous membrane, continuous with that lining the tympanic cavity.

On the medial wall of the entrance to the antrum is a rounded eminence, situated above and behind the prominence of the facial canal; it corresponds with the position of the ampullated ends of the superior and lateral semicircular canals.

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This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

Bones of head and neck: the neurocranium of the skull (TA A02.1.01–07, GA 2.129–155)
Occipital
Squama external (Inion/External occipital protuberance, Nuchal lines) · planes (Occipital, Nuchal) · internal (Cruciform eminence, Internal occipital protuberance, Sagittal sulcus, Internal occipital crest)
Lateral parts Condyle (Condyloid fossa, Condylar canal) · Hypoglossal canal · jugular (Jugular process, Jugular tubercle)
Basilar part Pharyngeal tubercle
Other Foramen magnum (Basion, Opisthion)
Parietal Parietal eminence · Temporal line · Parietal foramen
Frontal
Squama Frontal suture · Frontal eminence · external (Superciliary arches, Glabella) · foramina (Supraorbital, Cecum) · Zygomatic process · internal (Sagittal sulcus, Frontal crest)
Orbital part Ethmoidal notch · Fossa for lacrimal gland · Trochlear fovea · Frontal sinus · Frontonasal duct
Temporal
Squama Articular tubercle · Suprameatal triangle · Mandibular fossa · Petrotympanic fissure · Zygomatic process
Mastoid part Mastoid foramen · Mastoid process (Mastoid cells) · Mastoid notch · Occipital groove · Sigmoid sulcus · Mastoid antrum (Aditus)
Petrous part

Carotid canal · Facial canal (Hiatus) · Internal auditory meatus · Cochlear aqueduct · Stylomastoid foramen

fossae (Subarcuate fossa, Jugular fossa) · canaliculi (Inferior tympanic, Mastoid) · Styloid process · Petrosquamous suture

(note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
Tympanic part Suprameatal spine
Sphenoid
Surfaces

Superior surface: Sella turcica (Dorsum sellae, Tuberculum sellae, Hypophysial fossa, Posterior clinoid processes) · Ethmoidal spine · Chiasmatic groove · Middle clinoid process · Petrosal process · Clivus

Lateral surface: Carotid groove · Sphenoidal lingula

Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses
Great wings foramina (Rotundum, Ovale, Vesalii, Spinosum) · Spine · Infratemporal crest · Sulcus for auditory tube
Small wings Superior orbital fissure · Anterior clinoid process · Optic canal
Pterygoid processes fossae (Pterygoid, Scaphoid) · pterygoid plates (Lateral, Medial) · Pterygoid canal · Hamulus
Other Body · Sphenoidal conchae
Ethmoid
Plates Cribriform plate (Crista galli, Olfactory foramina) · Perpendicular plate
Surfaces Lateral surface Orbital lamina · Uncinate process Medial surface Superior nasal concha · Superior meatus · Middle nasal concha · Middle meatus
Labyrinth Ethmoid sinus · ethmoidal foramina (Posterior, Anterior)

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Sensory system: Auditory and Vestibular systems (TA A15.3, TH 3.11.09, GA 10.1029)
Outer ear

Pinna (Helix, Antihelix, Tragus, Antitragus, Incisura anterior auris, Earlobe) • Ear canalAuricular muscles

Eardrum (Umbo, Pars flaccida)
Middle ear
Tympanic cavity

Labyrinthine wall/medial: Oval window · Round windowSecondary tympanic membrane • Prominence of facial canal • Promontory of tympanic cavity

Membranous wall/lateral

Mastoid wall/posterior: Mastoid cellsAditus to mastoid antrumPyramidal eminence

Carotid wall/anterior

Tegmental wall/roof: Epitympanic recess

Jugular wall/floor
Ossicles Malleus (Neck of malleus, Superior ligament of malleus, Lateral ligament of malleus, Anterior ligament of malleus) · Incus (Superior ligament of incus, Posterior ligament of incus) · Stapes (Anular ligament of stapes)
Muscles Stapedius · Tensor tympani
Eustachian tube Bony part of pharyngotympanic tube · Cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube (Torus tubarius)
Inner ear/ (membranous labyrinth, bony labyrinth)
Auditory system Cochlear labyrinth
General cochlea Scala vestibuliHelicotremaScala tympaniModiolusCochlear cupula
Perilymphatic space PerilymphCochlear aqueduct
Cochlear duct / scala media

Reissner's/vestibular membraneBasilar membrane

EndolymphStria vascularisSpiral ligament

Organ of Corti: StereociliaTectorial membraneSulcus spiralis (externus, internus) • Spiral limbus
Cells Claudius cellBoettcher cell
Vestibular system/ Vestibular labyrinth

Static/translations/vestibule/endolymphatic duct: Utricle (Macula) · Saccule (Macula, Endolymphatic sac) · Kinocilium · OtolithVestibular aqueductCanalis reuniens

Kinetic/rotations: Semicircular canals (Superior, Posterior, Horizontal) • Ampullary cupulaAmpullae (Crista ampullaris)

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